The Dark Tetrad Traits

Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy and Sadism as normal-range tendencies — here's what each looks like, its upside, and its watch-out. Sadism is the standard fourth: the other three are indifferent to harm, where sadism actively enjoys it.

MachiavellianismStrategy, influence, and playing the long game.NarcissismStatus, admiration, and self-belief.PsychopathyBoldness, impulsivity, and low empathy.SadismTaking real pleasure in someone else’s discomfort.